Research using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) reports decreased activity within neural regions engaged in emotional processing, such as the anterior insular cortex (AIC), amygdala, hippocampus, superior temporal gyrus, and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in DD patients while processing emotionally salient stimuli, –. In the same vein, DD patients present a lack of congruent physiological arousal in response to emotive narratives, suggesting difficulties in parallel affective empathy (experience an emotion that is congruent to that of a protagonist). Based on a the Empathy Quotient (EQ), a self-reported empathy scale, studies report an overall deficit in empathic abilities in this disease, driven mostly by patients' lower scores in the spontaneous use of social skills and lack of intuitive social understanding. Regarding the emotional and social cognition profile, DD patients rate unpleasant pictures as less emotional or less arousing. ” Compared to hallucinating and delusional experiences, DD patients retain insight that these are subjective phenomena rather than the objective reality. The description of a DD patient reflects how severe these symptoms may be: “I feel as though I'm not alive, as though my body is an empty, lifeless shell I seem to be walking in a world I recognize but don't feel. Four main experiential components are described in this disorder: (1) feelings of disembodiment, which refers to the sense of detachment or disconnection from the body (2) subjective emotional numbing, an inability to experience emotions and empathy (3) anomalous subjective recall, a lack of ownership when remembering personal information or imagining things and (4) derealization, an experience of feeling estranged or alienated from surroundings. īetween 0.95% and 2.4% of the general population suffers from Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder (DD), a syndrome characterized by a profound disruption of self-awareness. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: We confirm that Dante Chialvo & Mariano Sigman are PLOS ONE Editorial Board members, though this does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE Editorial policies and criteria, as detailed online in your guide for authors. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.įunding: This research was partially supported by grants CONICYT/FONDECYT Regular (11309114), Foncyt-PICT 2012-0412, Foncyt-PICT 2012-1309, CONICET and INECO Foundation. Received: DecemAccepted: Published: June 26, 2014Ĭopyright: © 2014 Sedeño et al. PLoS ONE 9(6):Įditor: Carles Soriano-Mas, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Spain (2014) How Do You Feel when You Can't Feel Your Body? Interoception, Functional Connectivity and Emotional Processing in Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder. Moreover, our study contributes experimental data to the comprehension of brain-body interactions and the emergence of self-awareness and emotional feelings.Ĭitation: Sedeño L, Couto B, Melloni M, Canales-Johnson A, Yoris A, Baez S, et al. Our results suggest that altered neural mechanisms and cognitive processes regarding body signaling might be engaged in DD phenomenology. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental research that assesses the relationship between interoception and DD combining behavioral and neurobiological measures. He also presented a particular pattern of impairments in affective empathy. Furthermore, regarding functional connectivity, we found a lower global brain connectivity of the patient relative to controls only in the interoceptive state. The results showed patient's impaired performance in the heartbeat detection task when compared to controls. Additionally, we evaluated empathic abilities to test the association between interoception and emotional experience. To assess interoception, we utilized a heartbeat detection task and measures of functional connectivity derived from fMRI networks in interoceptive/exteroceptivo/mind-wandering states. In consequence, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether there are systematic differences in interoception between a patient with DD and controls that might explain the disembodiment symptoms suffered in this disease. Interoception −defined as the cognitive processing of body signals− has been extensively considered as a key processing for body self-awareness. Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder (DD) typically manifests as a disruption of body self-awareness.
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